Yu, Peijun https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2707-7254
Zhou, Wenjing
Li, Chunyang
Sun, Qiang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3359-9465
Yang, Yunpeng https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5163-0940
Article History
Received: 18 April 2025
Accepted: 31 March 2026
First Online: 22 April 2026
Competing interests
: QS, YPY, and PJY have filed a patent describing the construction of Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 with high gastric acid and bile salt tolerance as well as enhanced intestinal colonization ability. The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as potential conflicts of interest.