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Authors
Elkaffas, Rami
Rezk, Ayman
Shajahan, Shanavas
Ahmed, Israr
Anjum, Dalaver H.
Butt, Haider https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2434-9525
Nayfeh, Ammar
Abdul Samad, Yarjan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3432-3719
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Khalifa University of Science, Technology and Research
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Article History
Received: 10 June 2025
Revised: 22 October 2025
Accepted: 3 February 2026
First Online: 24 March 2026
Competing interests
: A provisional patent application directed to this technology (63/571,840) has been filed by Khalifa University, but it is currently unlicensed. The inventors listed are Rami Elkaffas, Fahad Al Absi, and Yarjan Abdul Samad. The other authors declare no competing interests.
: All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. This study did not involve human participants, personal data, human tissue, or live vertebrate animals. Accordingly, approval from a human research ethics committee or an animal ethics committee was not required under institutional and national regulations. As no human participants were involved, informed consent to participate was not required.
: The authors used ChatGPT to rephrase and correct spelling and grammar errors to ensure a clearer depiction of the work. The authors ensured that the final manuscript agreed with the technical and scientific knowledge.
