Saner, Christoph https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1380-0341
Senior, Alistair M.
Zhang, Hanyue
Eloranta, Aino-Maija
Magnussen, Costan G.
Sabin, Matthew A.
Juonala, Markus
Janner, Marco
Burgner, David P. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8304-4302
Schwab, Ursula
Haapala, Eero A.
Heitmann, Berit L. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6809-4504
Simpson, Stephen J.
Raubenheimer, David
Lakka, Timo A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9199-2871
Article History
Received: 27 May 2022
Revised: 28 January 2023
Accepted: 2 February 2023
First Online: 16 February 2023
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The Research Ethics Committee of the Hospital District of Northern Savo approved the study protocol in 2006 (Statement 69/2006). The parents or caregivers of the children gave their written informed consent, and the children provided their assent to participation. The PANIC study has been carried out in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki as revised in 2008.