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Article History

Received: 21 March 2024

Revised: 6 January 2025

Accepted: 23 January 2025

First Online: 6 February 2025

Competing interests

: Danone Open Science Research Center Shanghai provided the funding to conduct the study. The authors affiliated with Danone Research & Innovation (DRI) were involved in the study hypothesis/design, execution, analysis, and interpretation. The other authors report there are no competing interests to declare. Hereby all the authors declare that []: Industry funding was transparent, acknowledged, and appropriately recognized throughout all stages of design, implementation, and reporting []. Project design, implementation, analysis, and interpretation was performed with efforts to maximize academic independence in each of these areas. DRI conducts clinical studies according to the ICH-GCP guidelines, the Declaration of Helsinki, and the WHO code. In addition, the quality management system of DRI for clinical research has been ISO 9001 certified since 2007 and has been recertified every 3 years. Certified compliance with ICH-GCP standards provides public assurance that the rights, safety and wellbeing of trial subjects are protected, and that clinical-trial data are scientifically credible.

: The study was conducted in compliance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and all procedures were approved by Ethical Review Boards of participating hospitals: Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Guangdong Province Women and Children Hospital, Wuxi Children’s Hospital, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Guangzhou Women And Children’s Medical Center.