Neo, Belinda https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3827-8078
Tilbrook, Dale
Nannup, Noel
Daly, Alison
Dunlop, Eleanor https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9139-015X
Jacky, John
Michie, Carol
Prior, Cindy
Farrant, Brad https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3903-0990
Shepherd, Carrington C. J. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0043-7053
Lawrence, Anita S. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0534-3072
Tescari, Edoardo https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1157-4897
Black, Lucinda J.
Funding for this research was provided by:
Department of Health | National Health and Medical Research Council (GNT1184788)
Department of Health | National Health and Medical Research Council (GNT1184788)
Department of Health | National Health and Medical Research Council (GNT1184788)
Department of Health | National Health and Medical Research Council (GNT1184788)
Department of Health | National Health and Medical Research Council (GNT1184788)
Department of Health | National Health and Medical Research Council (GNT1184788)
Department of Health | National Health and Medical Research Council (GNT1184788)
Department of Health | National Health and Medical Research Council (GNT1184788)
Department of Health | National Health and Medical Research Council (GNT1184788)
Department of Health | National Health and Medical Research Council (GNT1184788)
Department of Health | National Health and Medical Research Council (GNT1184788)
Article History
Received: 25 June 2024
Revised: 16 January 2025
Accepted: 6 February 2025
First Online: 19 February 2025
Change Date: 19 March 2026
Change Type: Correction
Change Details: A Correction to this paper has been published:
Change Details: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-026-01726-1
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. We used data collected in the 2012–2013 National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey, conducted under the authority of the Census and Statistics Act 1905. Ethics approval for this study was granted by the Western Australian Aboriginal Health Ethics Committee (WAAHEC), reference number HREC979, which requires that all research complies with the Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies (AIATSIS) Code of Ethics for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Research ( ), the ethical guidelines and professional standards of which have been informed by international human rights instruments, including the Declaration of Helsinki.