Cisse, Fatimata
Swackhamer, Clay https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8155-0642
Diall, Hawa G.
Rahmanifar, Atossa
Sylla, Mariam
Opekun, Antone R. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4837-6480
Grusak, Michael A.
Lin, Amy H-M. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2781-3995
Pletsch, Elizabeth A. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3782-3433
Hayes, Anna M. R. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9745-3123
Quezada-Calvillo, Roberto
Nichols, Buford L.
Hamaker, Bruce R. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6591-942X
Funding for this research was provided by:
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
United States Department of Agriculture | National Institute of Food and Agriculture (IND10057492G)
United States Department of Agriculture | Agricultural Research Service (6250-51000-052)
Article History
Received: 26 June 2024
Accepted: 12 May 2025
First Online: 23 May 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Ethical approvals were given by the National Ethical Committee for Health and Life Sciences in Mali and Purdue University (IRB #1209012695). The study was registered in clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03467737). All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations.