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Authors
Yang, Jie
Zhao, Yun
Soares, Mario https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6071-0272
Needham, Merrilee
Begley, Andrea https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5448-8932
Calton, Emily https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8482-233X
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
JY was funded by the Australian Government Research Training Program.
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Article History
Received: 20 November 2025
Revised: 14 December 2025
Accepted: 28 January 2026
First Online: 7 February 2026
Competing interests
: None of the authors has any conflict of interest to disclose. At the time of manuscript submission for peer review, the Editor in Chief of European Journal of Clinical Nutrition was a coauthor of this publication. This was declared prior to peer review so that the review process was independent.
: Ethics approval was granted through South Metropolitan Health Service Human Research Ethics Committee ((RGS4710) and reciprocal approval through Curtin University’s Human Research Ethics (HRE2021-0594). An exemption from requiring written informed consent was granted.
