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Authors
van den Berg, Claudia A. https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8555-0148
van Eijnatten, Elise J. M.
Top, Peter
Zoubek-Wojcik, Agata
Wojcik, Piotr
Csomor, Jan
Sels, Michaël
Amodio, Sonia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6293-5491
Veldhorst, Margriet
Hofman, Zandrie
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Groupe Danone | Danone Research Centre for Specialised Nutrition
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Article History
Received: 28 April 2025
Revised: 5 August 2026
Accepted: 19 August 2026
First Online: 5 September 2026
Ethics
Competing interests: C. A. van den Berg, E.J.M. van Eijnatten, S. Amodio, M. Veldhorst, and Z. Hofman are employed by Danone Research and Innovation. The funders contributed to the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; and in the decision to publish the results. A. Zoubek-Wojcik was employed by Nutricia Polska. P. Top, P. Wojcik, J. Csomor, and M. Sels declared no conflict of interests.
Ethical approval: The study was conducted according to the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines for Good Clinical Practice, in compliance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki (October 2013) for medical research involving human patients, and with the local laws and regulations of the countries where the study was performed. The study protocol was approved by the local ethics committees in the Netherlands (Stichting Beoordeling Ethiek Biomedisch Onderzoek [BEBO], Assen); the Czech Republic (Etická Komise Ústřední Vojenské Nemocnice [ÚVN] - Central Military Hospital, Prague); Poland (Komisja Bioetyczna Okręgowej Izby Lekarskiej w Warszawie, Warsaw); and Belgium (Ethisch Comité van het Universitair Ziekenhuis Antwerpen [UZA], Antwerp). All enrolled subjects provided written informed consent before their inclusion in the study.
