Document is current

Article History

Received: 31 May 2022

Revised: 20 February 2023

Accepted: 23 February 2023

First Online: 16 March 2023

Competing interests

: Dr. Skotko occasionally consults on the topic of Down syndrome through Gerson Lehrman Group. He receives remuneration from Down syndrome non-profit organizations for speaking engagements and associated travel expenses. Dr. Skotko receives annual royalties from Woodbine House, Inc., for the publication of his book, <i>Fasten Your Seatbelt: A Crash Course on Down Syndrome for Brothers and Sisters</i>. Within the past two years, he has received research funding from F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Inc. and LuMind Research Down Syndrome Foundation to conduct clinical trials for people with Down syndrome. Dr. Skotko is occasionally asked to serve as an expert witness for legal cases where Down syndrome is discussed. Dr. Skotko serves in a non-paid capacity on the Honorary Board of Directors for the Massachusetts Down Syndrome Congress and the Professional Advisory Committee for the National Center for Prenatal and Postnatal Down Syndrome Resources. Dr. Skotko has a sister with Down syndrome. Dr. de Graaf had a daughter with DS, who passed away in 2005 at the age of 15. He works as science and education officer at the Dutch Down Syndrome Foundation, a nonprofit organization. Frank Buckley serves as CEO of Down Syndrome Education International and Down Syndrome Education USA, nonprofits engaged in research and support for young people with Down syndrome. He had a sister with Down syndrome, who passed away in 2020. Dr. van Casteren has a daughter with Down syndrome. Henry Wilmot declares no conflicts of interest.