Essop, Fahmida https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3738-002X
Dillon, Bronwyn https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7560-7307
Mhlongo, Felicity
Bhengu, Louisa
Naicker, Thirona
Lambie, Lindsay
Smit, Liani
Fieggen, Karen https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2910-6306
Lochan, Anneline
Dawson, Jessica
Mpangase, Phelelani https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8280-8940
Hauptfleisch, Marc
Scher, Gail
Tabane, Odirile
Immelman, Marelize
Urban, Michael
Krause, Amanda https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7157-0807
Article History
Received: 28 August 2023
Revised: 18 April 2024
Accepted: 21 May 2024
First Online: 1 June 2024
Change Date: 9 July 2024
Change Type: Update
Change Details: A funding acknowledment had to be added.
Change Date: 30 July 2024
Change Type: Correction
Change Details: A Correction to this paper has been published:
Change Details: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41431-024-01669-w
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study involves human participants and was approved by The University of the Witwatersrand Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC) (Medical) (clearance certificate No. M180506) for using anonymised residual diagnostic samples and file data for audit, research and development. Individual consents were obtained at other hospitals for the additional national patients. Consent to access their anonymised data for research purposes was obtained from Professor Zane Lombard, PI DDD-Africa study.
: Consent for photographs was obtained from participants or parent/guardian.