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Authors
Liu, Yunjia https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3584-9879
Meng, Ze
Adrianto, Indra
Levin, Albert M.
Mi, Qing-Sheng https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1411-6827
Wang, Qiang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3849-1349
Gui, Hongsheng https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0460-7446
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (R01AR083553, R01AR083553)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (R03MH135347)
Henry Ford Health System
Henry Ford Health Mentored Scientist award
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Article History
Received: 6 December 2024
Revised: 22 May 2025
Accepted: 23 May 2025
First Online: 16 July 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study is based on the analysis of publicly available data from UK Biobank, All of Us Research Program, 1000 Genome Project and H3Africa. The ethical approvals and participant consents were obtained by the original data custodians, and no additional ethical approval was required for this secondary analysis. Access to the database was granted under the data use agreement.
