Roberts, Eleanor https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2711-1934
Flaum, Nicola https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8900-0645
Evans, D. Gareth https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8482-5784
Funding for this research was provided by:
Manchester National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre
Cancer Research UK ACED International Alliance for Cancer Early Detection
Article History
Received: 18 November 2025
Accepted: 1 December 2025
First Online: 8 January 2026
Competing interests
: DGE provides consultancy to Antegenes, otherwise the authors declare no competing interests.