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Authors
Farncombe, Kirsten M. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9413-201X
Sobotka, Julia A.
Aronson, Melyssa
Basik, Mark
Bombard, Yvonne
Born, Leslie https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8340-6770
Cheifetz, Rona
Clausen, Marc
Coburn, Natalie
Dawson, Lesa https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6879-6602
Doria, Andrea S.
Elbanna, Khaled Y. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6499-9261
Etchegary, Holly
Foulkes, William D. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7427-4651
Hessels, Chiquita
Hyde, Angela
Kazazian, Karineh https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9934-2443
Kinnaird, Adam
Koch, C. Anne
Laframboise, Stephane
Lerner-Ellis, Jordan
Lheureux, Stephanie
Malkin, David https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5752-9763
Metser, Ur
Penney, Lynette S.
Ridd, Sarah https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9444-3803
Schrader, Kasmintan A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7413-4314
Tiano, Teresa
Tone, Alicia A.
Veit-Haibach, Patrick
Wong, Stephanie
Xu, Wei
Pugh, Trevor J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8073-5888
Kim, Raymond H. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2147-8674
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Article History
Received: 30 September 2025
Revised: 4 December 2025
Accepted: 7 January 2026
First Online: 29 January 2026
Competing interests
: YB has ownership interests and intellectual property rights as an inventor and patent holder with Genetics Adviser. ASD reports research support from PSI Foundation, Society of Pediatric Radiology, Radiological Society of North America, CARRA Foundation, and Novo Nordisk outside the submitted work. WDF has received research funding from AstraZeneca Canada. KAS has a consulting and advisory relationship with and has received honoraria from AstraZeneca Canada and Pfizer, and research funding from AstraZeneca Canada. TJP has provided consultation for AstraZeneca, Chrysalis Biomedical Advisors, and Merck (compensated), receives research support (institutional) from AstraZeneca and Roche/Genentech, and is an inventor on patents of the CapIG-seq and CapTCR-seq methods held by the University Health Network. The other authors declare no competing interests.
: Written informed participant consent was obtained for the CHARM2 study and enrollment into the CHARM Biobank. Data were de-identified prior to analysis. The use of participant data for CHARM2 (23-5766) and the CHARM Biobank (23-5772) was approved by the Institutional Research Ethics Approval board at the University Health Network.
