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Authors
Ghali, Neeti https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2847-1376
Angwin, Chloe
Liebert, Samuel
Deaner, Andrew
von Klemperer, Katherine
Wheeldon, Nigel
Johnson, Diana https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8372-2716
Sobey, Glenda https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8024-503X
Samani, Nilesh J.
Webb, Tom R.
Baranowska, Ania
Velvet, Anju
Keigwin, Sylvia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8366-9655
Baker, Duncan
Read, Katherine
van Dijk, Fleur Stephanie https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6341-169X
Adlam, David
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Article History
Received: 23 July 2025
Revised: 16 February 2026
Accepted: 24 February 2026
First Online: 17 March 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The UK SCAD study was approved by the UK National Research Ethics Service (14/EM/0056) and the UK Health Research Authority and conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. All SCAD-vEDS patients and SCAD-nonvEDS controls gave fully informed written consent to participate in the study.
: UK SCAD patients are centrally involved in all UK SCAD research and the findings of this study will be disseminated via our patient organisation (Beat SCAD - Supporting SCAD Patients and Funding Research). Several individuals reported in this paper are also part of the natural exploration of EDS study (NEEDS) and dissemination of research results will be through the national EDS service. In addition, the vascular EDS charity Annabelle’s Challenge is involved in informing patients about the research and disseminating the findings.
: National Ehlers Danlos Syndrome Service and Leicester British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence.
