Wu, Chen-Han Wilfred https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4827-9920
Chang, Joshua
Lovrenert, Katreya https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0358-9581
Bodner, Donald
Hildebrandt, Friedhelm https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7130-0030
Schumacher, Fredrick R. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3073-7463
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK135933)
Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine | Clinical and Translational Science Collaborative of Cleveland, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University (RES516810)
University Hospitals (100.83311)
Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (DK068306)
Article History
Received: 7 June 2025
Revised: 28 February 2026
Accepted: 10 March 2026
First Online: 9 April 2026
Competing interests
: Chen-Han Wilfred Wu is a member of the Executive Committee for the Harrington Scholar-Innovator Award Program, and conducts clinical trials with Moderna, Inc. Donald Bodner owns Fortec Litho LLC stock. Friedhelm Hildebrandt has a UofM patent, a patent pending of NPHP4, Brigham & Women’s Hospital Boards Course.
: This is a study using de-identified data. The Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Institutional Review Board has confirmed that no ethical approval is required.