Hall, Timothy S. https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8548-447X
Beaumont, Robin N. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0750-8248
Fasham, James https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7614-9202
Baple, Emma L. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6637-3411
Jackson, Leigh https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0260-5295
Weedon, Michael N.
Wright, Caroline F. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2958-5076
Funding for this research was provided by:
RCUK | Medical Research Council (MR/X021351/1)
RCUK | Medical Research Council (MR/X021351/1)
RCUK | Medical Research Council (MR/X021351/1)
RCUK | Medical Research Council (MR/X021351/1)
RCUK | Medical Research Council (MR/X021351/1)
RCUK | Medical Research Council (MR/X021351/1)
RCUK | Medical Research Council (MR/X021351/1)
Article History
Received: 30 January 2026
Revised: 22 April 2026
Accepted: 22 June 2026
First Online: 2 July 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: UK Biobank protocols were approved by the National Research Ethics Service Committee.