Underwood, Jack F. G. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1731-6039
Timothy, Katherine W.
Tyroll, Holly
Levy, Rebecca J. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0393-6835
Dick, Ivy E.
Pitt, Geoffrey S.
Tunbridge, Elizabeth M.
Baban, Anwar
Wilkinson, Gemma
Hall, Nicola A. L. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3393-3494
Sarquella Brugada, Georgia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6857-8904
Bauer, Rosemary
Abrams, Dominic
Hall, Jeremy
,
Muir, Sophie
Muir, Nick
McLaughlin, Meg
Gardiner, Galina
Duncan, Gemma
Bresnahan, Susan
James, Achsah
Miller, Glenn
Ziegler, Christine
Funding for this research was provided by:
Wellcome Trust (222849/Z/21/Z)
Hodge Foundation Early Career Clinical Academic Grant, Healthcare Education Improvement Wales (HEIW) Welsh Clinical Academic Track (WCAT) Fellowship
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS K08 - 1K08NS13677501A1)
Child Neurologist Career Development Program
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH137160)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01 HL151190)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01 HL160089)
National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre
Hodge Centre for Translational Neuroscience
Article History
Received: 5 December 2025
Revised: 12 June 2026
Accepted: 19 June 2026
First Online: 9 July 2026
Competing interests
: EMT is a full-time employee of Boehringer Ingelheim. Prior to her move into industry, she was in receipt of unrestricted research grants from J&J Innovation and from Boehringer Ingelheim and Biogen, via the Psychiatry Consortium of the Medicines Discovery Catapult. She also provided consultancy to Boehringer Ingelheim and ONO Pharma. She reports no conflict of interest with the current manuscript. The remaining authors declare that they have no competing interests.