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Article History

Received: 14 October 2023

Accepted: 11 November 2024

First Online: 10 January 2025

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests. This research did not breach any ethical standards. Prisma 2020 checklist and Prisma flow diagram, permission given to utilise and adopt the tools, (). Rob 2, ROBINS-1, ROBINS-E, permission given by Cochrane Library to use and adapt these tools for presenting data available for public use and publication. Authors: Sterne JAC, Hernán MA, Reeves BC, Savović J, Berkman ND, Viswanathan M, Henry D, Altman DG, Ansari MT, Boutron I, Carpenter JR, Chan AW, Churchill R, Deeks JJ, Hróbjartsson A, Kirkham J, Jüni P, Loke YK, Pigott TD, Ramsay CR, Regidor D, Rothstein HR, Sandhu L, Santaguida PL, Schünemann HJ, Shea B, Shrier I, Tugwell P, Turner L, Valentine JC, Waddington H, Waters E, Wells GA, Whiting PF, Higgins JPT. ROBINS-I: a tool for assessing risk of bias in non-randomized studies of interventions. BMJ 2016; 355; i4919; . ().