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Article History

Received: 29 November 2017

Revised: 24 February 2019

Accepted: 25 May 2019

First Online: 29 July 2019

Compliance with ethical standards

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: This study was supported through The Healthcare Quality Improvement Partnership (HQIP) commissioned Royal College of Ophthalmologists (RCOphth) National Ophthalmology Database Audit, which is part of the National Clinical Audit and Patient Outcomes Programme (NCAPOP) and the Clinical Outcomes Programme (COP). All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form at and declare: PHJD, RJ (deceased) and JMS had financial support from HQIP for the submitted work; RJ was previously a director of Medisoft, the provider of the EMR with which the majority of the data for this study were collected; no other financial relationships with organisations that might have an interest in the submitted work in the previous three years; no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work. ACD was supported by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre based at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology. The views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily of the NHS, the NIHR, HQIP or the Department of Health.