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Article History

Received: 1 February 2024

Revised: 9 July 2024

Accepted: 22 July 2024

First Online: 26 August 2024

Competing interests

: Ashish Sharma; Consultant- Intas, Lupin, Bayer, Allergan, Novartis. Peter K Kaiser; Aerie, Allegro, Allergan, Allgenesis, Alzheon, Annexon Biosciences, AsclepiX, Aviceda, Bayer, Bausch and Lomb, Biogen Idec, Bionic Vision Technologies, Boehringer Ingelheim, Carl Zeiss Meditec, Clearside Biomedical, DelSiTech, DTx Pharma, Duet Therapeutics, Eyevensys, Galecto Biotech, Galimedix, Gemini Therapeutics, Glaukos, Innovent, iRenix, Iveric Bio, jCyte, Kanaph Therapeutics, Kanghong, Kodiak, LensGen, NGM Biopharmaceuticals, Inc., Novartis, Ocugenix, Oculis, Ocuphire, OcuTerra Therapeutics Inc., Omeros, Opthea, Oxurion, Palatin, Regeneron, RegenxBio, Retinal Sciences, Retrope, Roivant, Samsung Bioepis, Sandoz, Santen, Stealth Biotherapeutics, Sustained Nano Systems, Takeda, Théa, Ramin Tadayoni; AbbVie Allergan, Alcon, Apellis, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Genentech, Iveric Bio, KHB, Novartis, Oculis, Roche, Thea, Zeiss. Frank G Holz-F.G. Holz reports research grants and personal fees from Acucela, Allergan, Apellis, Bayer, Bioeq/Formycon, Roche/Genentech, Geuder, Heidelberg Engineering, ivericBio, Pixium Vision, Novartis, Zeiss; personal fees from Alexion, Grayburg Vision, LinBioscience, Stealth BioTherapeutics, Aerie, Oxurion. Luke Nicholson Optos (research funding), Bayer (Speaker fees), Abbvie (Speaker fees, advisory board), Roche (Speaker fees, Heidelberg (Speaker fees)). Clara Vazquez-Alfageme None. Sobha Sivaprasad- Dr Sivaprasad reported receiving financial support from AbbVie, Amgen, Apellis, Bayer, Biogen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis, Eyebiotech, Eyepoint Phamaceuticals, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Nova Nordisk, Optos, Ocular Therapeutix, Kriya Therapeutics, OcuTerra, Roche, Stealth Biotherapeutics. Dr Sivaprasad is Editor in Chief of <i>Eye</i>. Taku Wakabayashi; None. Se Joon Woo- Dr Woo reported serving as a consultant for Samsung Bioepis and Panolos Bioscience; being cofounder of Retimark; serving as an advisory board member of Novartis and Novelty Nobility; receiving grants and personal fees from Samsung Bioepis, Novartis, Novelty Nobility, Alteogen, Kookje, and Curacle; and receiving lecture fees from Novartis, Bayer, Allergan, AbbVie, Alcon, Taejoon, SCAI Therapeutics, and Alteogen. David Sarraf; Amgen, Bayer, Endogena Therapeutics, Genentech, Iveric Bio, Novartis and Optovue/Visionix and receives research grants from Amgen, Boehringer, Genentech, Heidelberg, Optovue/Visionix, Regeneron, and Topcon. Nilesh Kumar; Lupin and Intas. Nikulaa Parachuri-None. Carl D Regillo-Adverum, Allergan, Annexon, Bausch and Lomb, Clearside, Eyepoint, Genentech/Roche, Iveric, Novartis, Kodiak, Notal, Merck, Ocular therapeutics, Regenxbio, Stealth, Takeda, Zeiss and receives research support from Adverum, Allergan, Annexon, Eyepoint, Genentech/Roche, Novartis, Kodiak, Iveric, Regenxbio, Regeneron. Kourous A Rezaei- Consultant for Alcon Laboratories. Arshad M Khanani- Consultant: Adverum, Aerpio, Alimera, Allergan, Apellis, Asclepix, Aviceda, Bausch and Lomb, Broadwing Bio, Chengdu Kanghong, Cholgene, 4DMT, Dutch Ophthalmic Research Center, Gemini, Genentech, Glaukos, Graybug, Gyroscope, Iveric Bio, Janssen, Kato Pharma, Kodiak, Oculis, Opthea, Oxurion, Novartis, Polyphotonix, Recens Medical, Regeneron, Retrotope, Regenxbio, Roche, Surrozen, Thea, Unity Bio Research Support: Adverum, Apellis, Asclepix, Chengdu Kanghong, 4DMT, Gemini, Genentech, Graybug Vision, Gyroscope, Iveric Bio, Kodiak, Neurotech, NGM Bio, Ocular Therapeutix, Oculis, Opthea, Oxurion, Novartis, Recens Medical, Regenxbio, Roche, Unity Bio Equity: Aviceda, Gyroscope, Recens Medical, Retrotope, PolyphotonixSpeaker: Allergan, Genentech, Novartis. Francesco Bandello; CONSULTANT: Allergan, Bayer, Boehringer- Ingelheim, FidiaSooft, Hofmann La Roche, Novartis, NTC Pharma, Sifi, Thrombogenics, Zeiss. Mahesh Shanamugam; None. Lalit Verma; Consultant to Novartis, Bayer, Intas. Mangat Ram Dogra; None. NS Muralidhar; None. Manisha Agarwal; None. Anat Loewenstein; CONSULTANT: Allergan, Novartis, Roche, Notal Vision, Fiorsightslabs, Beyeonics, Bayer Health Care. Baruch D Kuppermann CLINICAL RESEARCH: Alcon, Alimera, Allegro, Allergan, Apellis, Clearside, Genentech, GSK, Ionis, jCyte, Novartis, Regeneron, ThromboGenics; CONSULTANT: Alimera, Allegro, Allergan, Cell Care, Dose, Eyedaptic, Galimedix, Genentech, Glaukos, Interface Biologics, jCyte, Novartis, Ophthotech, Regeneron, Revana, Theravance Biopharma, Dr Kuppermann acknowledges an unrestricted grant from Research to Prevent Blindness to the Gavin Herbert Eye Institute at the University of California, Irvine.