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Article History

Received: 6 August 2024

Revised: 16 August 2024

Accepted: 22 August 2024

First Online: 31 August 2024

Competing interests

: JFK receives consulting fees from AbbVie, Apellis, Bayer, Janssen, Nano Retina, Roche, Théa Pharmaceuticals, and Carl Zeiss Meditec AG; and is a member of data and safety monitoring boards or advisory boards for Alexion, Novo Nordisk, and Oxular. PL is a consultant for Aerie, Allergan, Apellis, Bausch + Lomb, Bayer, Biogen, Boehringer Ingelheim, I-Care, Genentech, Novartis, Ocular Therapeutix, Outlook Therapeutics, and Roche. CCW is a consultant for 4DMT, AbbVie, Adverum, Aerie, AGTC, Alcon, Annexon, Apellis, Arrowhead, Bausch + Lomb, Boehringer Ingelheim, Cholgene, Clearside, Curacle, EyePoint, Genentech, Gyroscope, IACTA, IVERIC Bio, Janssen, Kato, Kiora, Kodiak Sciences, Kriya, Merck, Nanoscope, NGM, Novartis, Ocular Therapeutix, OcuTerra, ONL, Opthea, Oxular, Palatin, PerceiveBio, Perfuse, Ray, RecensMedical, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, RegenXBio, Roche, and Stealth; and has received research support from 4DMT, Adverum, AffaMed, Alexion, Alimera, Alkahest, Allgenesis, Amgen, Annexin, Annexon, Apellis, Asclepix, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Clearside, Curacle, EyePoint, Gemini, Genentech, GlaxoSmithKline, Gyroscope, IONIS, iRENIX, IVERIC bio, Kodiak Sciences, LMRI, Nanoscope, Neurotech, NGM, Novartis, Ocular Therapeutix, Ocuphire, OcuTerra, Opthea, Ophthotech, Oxurion, Oxular, Oyster Point, PerceiveBio, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, RegenXBio, Roche, and UNITY. TYW receives consulting fees from Aldropika Therapeutics, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Genetech, Iveric Bio, Novartis, Oxurion, Plano, Roche, Sanofi, and Shanghai Henlius; and holds patents and is the cofounder of EyRiS and Visre. XZ, PMW, SL, LB, ZH and SF are employees of Bayer AG. KWC and KR are employees and stockholders of Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. SS is an advisor and contributes to the industry-sponsored international multicenter studies for Novartis, Bayer AG, AbbVie, Roche, Optos, and Boehringer Ingelheim; has received consultancy fees from Allergan, Apellis, Bayer AG, Biogen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eyebiotech, Novartis Pharma AG, Optos, and Roche. SS is the current Editor-in-Chief of the journal, <i>Eye</i>.