Document is current

Article History

Received: 3 January 2024

Revised: 11 April 2025

Accepted: 24 July 2025

First Online: 4 September 2025

Competing interests

: The authors do not have any conflict of interest related to this project. A Hagag is an employee of Boehringer Ingelheim. Dr Rueckert is co-founder of, and holds personal financial interest in, IXICO PLC. Dr Bogunovic receives funding from Apellis, Heidelberg Engineering, and Retinsight. He has received financial compensation from Apellis and Bayer. Dr. Scholl is a member of the Scientific Advisory Board of Astellas, Boehringer Ingelheim, Gyroscope/Novartis, Janssen, Okuvision, and Third Rock Ventures. He is a consultant for Gerson Lehrman Group, Guidepoint Global, and Tenpoint Therapeutics. He is a member of a Data Monitoring and Safety Board/Committee for Belite Bio, ReNeuron Group Plc/Ora Inc., Roche, and member of a Steering Committee for Novo Nordisk. He is a co-director of the Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (IOB), which receives funding from the University of Basel, the University Hospital Basel, Novartis, and the government of Basel-Stadt. Dr. Schmidt-Erfurth receives grant support from Apellis, Genentech, Kodiak, Novartis, RetInSight, and Roche and is a consultant for Apellis, AbbVie, Aviceda, Boehringer Ingelheim, Heidelberg Engineering, Novartis, Stealth Biotherapeutics, and Topcon. Dr. Lotery is a consultant for Gyroscope/Novartis, Eyebio, Complement Therapeutics, Allergan, Apellis, and Tarsus Pharmaceuticals. Dr. Sivaprasad has received grant funding from Bayer, Novartis, AbbVie, Roche, Boehringer Ingelheim, Optos, and is a consultant for Bayer, Novartis, AbbVie, Roche, Boehringer Ingelheim, Optos, EyeBiotech, Biogen, Amgen, Kriya Therapeutics, Ocular Therapeutix, OcuTerra, Janssen, Stealth Biotherapeutics, Sanofi, and Apellis. She is a member of the Data Monitoring and Safety Board/Committee for Bayer and a member of the Steering Committee for Novo Nordisk. She is a member of the Data Monitoring and Safety Board/Committee for Bayer and a member of the Steering Committee for Novo Nordisk. She is the Editor in Chief of EYE. No other disclosures were reported. No conflicts related to this project.