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Assessing and monitoring abnormal retinal blood circulation for early detection of pre-structural damage and enhanced diabetic retinopathy staging using non-invasive, high-resolution biophotonic imaging technology

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41433-025-04032-5

Published Online: 2025-09-27

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Basiri, Ali

Luo, Caesar

Shokoohi-Yekta, Mohammad

Leng, Theodore https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8461-3562
Taheri, Hossein

Jan Noordmans, Herke

Bryan, Jacob

Soheilypour, Mohammad

Amiri, Payman

Or, Christopher

Hung, Jia-Horung

ElHassan, Ahmed Abou

Dong Nguyen, Quan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6024-8441
Funding

Funding for this research was provided by:

National Science Foundation (1853245)

Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (P30-EY026877, P30-EY026877)

Center for Hierarchical Manufacturing, National Science Foundation (1853245)
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-09-27

Version of Record valid from 2025-09-27
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Article History

Received: 20 February 2025

Revised: 11 August 2025

Accepted: 17 September 2025

First Online: 27 September 2025

Competing interests

: AB, MSY, and MS are full-time employees of Bioxytech and hold equity in the company; they have also received payment. JB is a part-time employee of Bioxytech and has received payment. CL, TL, and QDN serve as consultants to Bioxytech and hold equity in the company. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.

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