Tang, Ge https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4567-0512
Ahmadi, Seyed-Ahmad
Jillings, Steven
Jeurissen, Ben
Tomilovskaya, Elena https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9030-6876
Nosikova, Inna
Ryabova, Alexandra
Pechenkova, Ekaterina
Petrovichev, Viktor
Rukavishnikov, Ilya
Velten, Theresa
Gripshi, Marina
Van Ombergen, Angelique
Wuyts, Floris L.
zu Eulenburg, Peter
Funding for this research was provided by:
German Space Center (DLR) on behalf of the Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology/Energy
Belgian Science Policy Prodex, European Space Agency (ESA)
the program of fundamental research of IBMP RAS
the Research Foundation Flanders
Article History
Received: 22 May 2025
Revised: 28 August 2025
Accepted: 19 September 2025
First Online: 14 October 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interest.
: During the preparation of this work, the corresponding author used Claude AI (Anthropic PBC, San Francisco, CA, USA; ) to improve the English language. After using this tool, the authors reviewed and edited the content as needed and took full responsibility for the content of the publication.