Funding for this research was provided by:
Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine | Clinical and Translational Science Collaborative of Cleveland, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University (UL1TR002548, UL1TR002548, UL1TR002548)
Research to Prevent Blindness (P30EY025585(BA-A), P30EY025585(BA-A), P30EY025585(BA-A))
Article History
Received: 28 July 2025
Revised: 25 September 2025
Accepted: 14 October 2025
First Online: 31 October 2025
Competing interests
: RPS reports personal fees from Apellis, Iveric Bio, Eyepoint, Regenxbio, Genentech, Bausch and Lomb, Zeiss, Alcon, and Regeneron, and research grants from Janssen. KET: Alimera (consultant), Apellis (consultant), Bausch and Lomb (consultant), Eyepoint (consultant), Genentech (consultant, speaker’s bureau), Iveric Bio (speaker’s bureau), Regeneron (research), Regenxbio (research), Zeiss (research). No conflicting relationship exists for any other author.