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Authors
Kozak, Igor
Khoramnia, Ramin
Taylor, Simon R.
Chakravarthy, Usha https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2606-3734
,
Hamilton, Robin
Chakravarthy, Usha
Safiullina, Guzaliya
Menon, Geeta
Sivaraj, Ramesh
Eleftheriadis, Haralabos
Taylor, Simon R.
Younis, Saad
Balaskas, Konstantinos
Raman, Vasant
Quhill, Fahd
Mushtaq, Bushra
Glover, Nicholas
Burton, Ben
Steel, David
Natha, Salim
Banerjee, Somnath
Seneviratne, Deepthi
Patel, Nishal
Mourtzoukos, Spyridon
Asaria, Riaz
Bhatnagar, Ajay
Khan, Rehna
Kamal, Ahmed
Bailey, Clare
Downey, Louise
Kumar, Anil
Almeida, Gonçalo
Richardson, Patrick
Zambarakji, Hadi
Jones, Colin
Lorenz, Katrin
Bartz-Schmidt, Karl U.
Holz, Frank
Wagenfeld, Lars
Wiedemann, Peter
Guthoff, Rainer
Tetz, Manfred
Auffarth, Gerd U.
Ksinsik, Christian
Koch, Frank
Sachs, Helmut
Sandner, Dirk
Seitz, Berthold
Figueira, João
Carneiro, Ângela
Henriques, José
Silva, Rufino
Amaro, Miguel
Meireles, Angelina
Castro Sousa, João Paulo
Rodrigues, António
Carvalho, Rui
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Article History
Received: 6 June 2025
Revised: 8 October 2025
Accepted: 23 October 2025
First Online: 3 December 2025
Competing interests
: Dr Igor Kozak reports no conflict of interest. Dr Ramin Khoramnia resports grants from Chengdu Kanghong; grants, personal fees, and non-financial support from Alimera Sciences, Bayer, Novartis and Roche, personal fees and non-financial support from Allergan, Heidelberg Engineering, Outlook Therapeutics and Zeiss outside the submitted work.
: This study involves human participants and was approved by UK Health and Social Care Research Ethics Committee 2 (14/NI/0002). Portugal Comissao de Etica para a Saude da AIBILI (N/A), Comissoes de Etica para a Saude Instituto de Retina de Lisboa (N/A), Comissao de Etica para a Investigacao Clinica (2014-EO-03), Comissoes de Etica para a Saude Hospital Vila Franca de Xira (N/A), Comissoes de Etica para a Saude Centro Hospitalar do Porto (2015.130; 117-DEFI/ 107-CES), Comissoes de Etica para a Saude Centro Hospitalar de Leiria (N/A), Comissoes de Etica para a Saude Centro Hospitalar de Setubal (0015/2016F), Comissoes de Etica para a Saude Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Entidades Publicas Empresarial (N/A), Comissao de Etica da Unidade de Saude Local Matosinhos (36/CE/JAS). Germany Ethikkommission Landesӓrztekammer Rheinland-Pfalz (837.501.13; 9186-F), Ethikkommission Universitӓts Klinikum Tubingen (088/2014BO2), Ethikkommission Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms- Universitӓt (044/14), Ethikkommission der Arztekammer Hamburg (N/A), Ethik kommission Universitӓt Leipzig (N/A), Ethikkommission Universitӓt Dusseldorf (4585), Ethikkommission der Arztekammer Berlin (N/A), Ethikkommission Heidelberg (S-058/ 2014). Participants gave informed consent to participate in the study before taking part.
: Consent obtained directly from patient(s).
