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Article History

Received: 4 February 2025

Revised: 17 September 2025

Accepted: 3 November 2025

First Online: 16 December 2025

Change Date: 29 December 2025

Change Type: Update

Change Details: In the acknowledgement section: it should read “IPG Health Company” instead of “IG …” In affiliation 7 the extra-long dash has been updated to an en dash.

Competing interests

: The Vision Academy is a group of over 80 international experts who, through their collective expertise, provide consensus guidance for managing clinically challenging situations, especially in areas of controversy or with insufficient conclusive evidence. The Vision Academy is funded and facilitated by Bayer. The opinions and guidance of the Vision Academy outputs are those of its members and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of Bayer. Financial arrangements of the authors with companies whose products may be related to the present report are declared below: LF: No financial interest related to the topic of this manuscript. JB: No financial interest related to the topic of this manuscript. CMGC: No financial interest related to the topic of this manuscript. Has received consultancy fees from Astellas, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Roche and Zeiss, has conducted research for Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis and Roche, and has received speaker fees from Bayer, Roche and Zeiss. Member of the Eye editorial board. AK: No financial interest related to the topic of this manuscript. Has received consultancy fees from Bayer, CheckEye, Novartis, Roche and Théa, has received travel fees from Bayer, CheckEye and Théa, has conducted research for Bayer, and is an advisor for CheckEye. EM: No financial interest related to the topic of this manuscript. JT: No financial interest related to the topic of this manuscript. Has conducted research for Alexion, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Janssen and Roche, and has received travel and consultancy fees from Bayer and Roche. MT: No financial interest related to the topic of this manuscript. Has conducted research for Alcon and Johnson & Johnson, and has received travel and consultancy fees from AbbVie, Bayer, Roche and Théa. IP: No financial interest related to the topic of this manuscript. Has received consultancy fees from Apellis, Astellas, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis and Roche, and has received speaker fees from Bayer, Roche and Novartis. IK: No financial interest related to the topic of this manuscript. Has conducted research for, and received consultancy fees from, AbbVie, Bayer, Novartis and Roche.