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Authors
El-Aina, Oumar https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5066-5627
Berman, Gabriele https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3390-9508
Mollan, Susan P. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6314-4437
Lowe, Michael https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5712-3800
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Article History
Received: 17 October 2025
Revised: 29 October 2025
Accepted: 18 November 2025
First Online: 8 December 2025
Competing interests
: Michael Lowe reports speaker fees (Pfizer); travel (AbbVie, Teva, Lundbeck). Susan Mollan reports consultancy fees (Invex Therapeutics); advisory board fees (Ocular Therapeutix); speaker fees (Teva); travel (AbbVie and European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology); Receipt of equipment (Heidelberg Engineering). Susan is a section editor at Eye Journal. Authors declare no other financial relationships with any organisations that might have an interest in the submitted work, and no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work.
