Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82371024)
Article History
Received: 24 May 2025
Revised: 16 November 2025
Accepted: 5 December 2025
First Online: 13 January 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University (No. 2023164) and conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki (as revised in 2013).