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Authors
Bailey, Clare https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2141-4512
Lange, Clemens
Chaudhary, Varun https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9988-4146
Lanzetta, Paolo https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3746-141X
Oubraham, Hassiba
Kirchner, Martin
Machewitz, Tobias https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6844-4243
Allmeier, Helmut
Zhang, Xin
Hasanbasic, Zoran
Munk, Marion R. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6227-2242
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Bayer Consumer Care AG
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Article History
Received: 27 November 2025
Revised: 5 December 2025
Accepted: 20 January 2026
First Online: 30 January 2026
Competing interests
: CB: Honoraria from Alimera Sciences, Apellis, Bayer, and Roche; and has served on advisory boards for Alimera Sciences, Apellis, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Janssen, and Roche. CL: Honoraria from Apellis, Bayer, Biogen, and Novartis. VC: Consulting fees from EyePoint Pharmaceuticals; grants from Bayer, Novartis, and Roche; serves on advisory boards for Apellis, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, EyePoint Pharmaceuticals, Novartis, and Roche; and is a member of the journal’s Editorial Board at the time of submission. PL: Consulting fees from 4DMT, Aerie Pharmaceuticals, Adverum, Allergan, Annexon, Apellis, Bausch + Lomb, Bayer, Biogen, Boehringer Ingelheim, EyePoint Pharmaceuticals, Genentech, I-Care, Novartis, Ocular Therapeutix, Outlook Therapeutics, Roche, and TowardPi. HO: Consulting fees from AbbVie, Bayer, Novartis, and Roche. MK and TM: Employees and stockholders of Bayer AG. HA and ZH: Employees of Bayer Consumer Care AG. XZ: Stockholder and former employee of Bayer Consumer Care AG. MRM: Consulting fees for AbbVie, Alcon, Alimera, Allergan, Amgen, Apellis Pharmaceuticals, Astellas, Aviceda Therapeutics, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Dandelione, Evolve Medical Education, eye. gnos consulting, EyePoint Pharmaceuticals, GenSight Biologics, Isarna Therapeutics, Iveric Bio, Kubota, LumiThera, Novartis, Ocular Therapeutix, Oculis, OcuTerra Therapeutics, OD-OS, ONL Therapeutics, RetinAI, Roche, Sitalis, UBS analytics, and Zeiss.
