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Authors
Lee, Wan-Ju Annabelle https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9972-8899
Tsai, Daniel Hsiang-Te https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2841-0338
Cheng, Michael Chun-Yuan
Lin, Yu-Shiuan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3726-4803
Lee, Chia-Yi
Shao, Shih-Chieh
Lai, Edward Chia-Cheng https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5852-7652
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Chi Mei Medical Center (CMFHR11180)
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Article History
Received: 14 November 2024
Revised: 11 March 2026
Accepted: 8 April 2026
First Online: 22 April 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This retrospective study is exempt from ethical approval. The data reviewed is a secondary analysis of existing data, does not involve intervention or interaction with human subjects, and is de-identified per the de-identification standard defined in Section §164.514(a) of the HIPAA Privacy Rule. The process by which the data is de-identified is attested to through a formal determination by a qualified expert as defined in Section §164.514(b)(1) of the HIPAA Privacy Rule. This formal determination by a qualified expert was refreshed in December 2020.
