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Authors
Suleman, Saqlain
Alhaque, Sharmin
Guo, Andrew
Zhang, Huairen
Payne, Annette https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2009-0141
Zahn, Marco
Fawaz, Serena
Khalifa, Mohammad S.
Jobling, Susan
Hay, David
Franco, Matteo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1267-4083
Fronza, Raffaele
Wang, Wei
Strobel-Freidekind, Olga
Deichmann, Annette
Takeuchi, Yasuhiro
Gil-Farina, Irene
Klapwijk, Jan
Perera, Stefany
Schmidt, Manfred
Themis, Michael https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6719-4271
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Centre for the Replacement Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (CRACK IT Challenge 21: InMutagene award)
National Centre for the Replacement Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (CRACK IT Challenge 21: InMutagene award)
National Centre for the Replacement Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (andrewguo@biomavericks.com)
National Centre for the Replacement Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs CRACK IT Challenge 21: InMutagene award)
National Centre for the Replacement Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs CRACK IT Challenge 21: InMutagene award)
National Centre for the Replacement Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs CRACK IT Challenge 21: InMutagene award)
National Centre for the Replacement Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs CRACK IT Challenge 21: InMutagene award)
National Centre for the Replacement Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs CRACK IT Challenge 21: InMutagene award)
National Centre for the Replacement Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs CRACK IT Challenge 21: InMutagene award)
National Centre for the Replacement Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs CRACK IT Challenge 21: InMutagene award)
National Centre for the Replacement Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs CRACK IT Challenge 21: InMutagene award)
National Centre for the Replacement Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs CRACK IT Challenge 21: InMutagene award)
National Centre for the Replacement Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs CRACK IT Challenge 21: InMutagene award)
National Centre for the Replacement Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs CRACK IT Challenge 21: InMutagene award)
National Centre for the Replacement Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs CRACK IT Challenge 21: InMutagene award)
National Centre for the Replacement Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs CRACK IT Challenge 21: InMutagene award)
National Centre for the Replacement Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs CRACK IT Challenge 21: InMutagene award)
National Centre for the Replacement Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs CRACK IT Challenge 21: InMutagene award)
National Centre for the Replacement Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs CRACK IT Challenge 21: InMutagene award)
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Article History
Received: 5 January 2024
Revised: 29 May 2025
Accepted: 25 June 2025
First Online: 15 July 2025
Competing interests
: DH is founder, director and shareholder in Stemnovate Limited and Stimuliver ApS. All other authors declare no conflict of interest.
: All methods were performed in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. No institutional ethics approval was required for this study.
