Kovács, Beatrix https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3572-4792
Szabó, Viktória https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4055-6110
Horváth, Domonkos https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7310-2890
Dobos, Attila Balázs
Nagy, Zoltán Zsolt
Vanduffel, Wim
Szemlaky, Zsuzsanna
Szepesi, Áron
Ulbert, István
Rózsa, Balázs
Hillier, Dániel https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0453-9049
Funding for this research was provided by:
Nemzeti Kutatási és Technológiai Hivatal (KDP-2020)
KU Leuven (C14/21/111, IDN/20/016, C3/21/027, CELSA/24/020)
Article History
Received: 2 June 2025
Revised: 14 August 2025
Accepted: 15 September 2025
First Online: 26 September 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Human serum samples from 46 donors were collected at Semmelweis University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, with approval from the Institutional Scientific Research Ethics Committee of Semmelweis University. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. All animal experiments were conducted in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations, including the European Directive 2010/63/EU. Procedures involving cats were approved by the Animal Care Committee of the HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences and the National Food Chain Safety Office of Hungary. Procedures involving macaques were approved by the Ethical Committee of KU Leuven and adhered to the National Institutes of Health Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals.