Wu, Die
Ding, Shengqian
Liu, Nian
Shi, Yi
Su, Peipei
Shi, Hui
Shi, Yue
Han, Bo
Cheng, Sheng
Ren, Xinyuan
Tian, Futong
Chen, Peijie https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2075-3133
Wu, Jiaoxiang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2309-4164
Su, Xianbin https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5705-6062
Li, Ruihong
Funding for this research was provided by:
Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai (25ZR1401192)
Article History
Received: 28 July 2025
Revised: 4 September 2025
Accepted: 25 September 2025
First Online: 7 October 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Ethical approval was not needed for this paper as only synthesized DNA standard materials were used, without involvement of human or animal specimens/experiments.