Kang, Yu-Ting
Lu, Tsai-Jung
Cheng, Po-Liang https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0046-0313
Lee, Li-Wen
Jhan, Pei-Pei
Chen, Yi-Ming
Hsiao, Tzu-Hung https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0365-9970
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Science and Technology Council
Article History
Received: 4 January 2024
Revised: 2 February 2026
Accepted: 16 March 2026
First Online: 14 April 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing financial interests.
: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Taichung Veterans General Hospital (IRB No. CF21270A). All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to sample collection.