Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (31830085)
Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program
Article History
Received: 24 November 2024
Revised: 4 September 2025
Accepted: 4 September 2025
First Online: 16 September 2025
COMPETING INTERESTS
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Our study was approved by the Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Protection of Wildlife (reference 19881108) and Provisions of the Tibet Autonomous Region for the Protection of Wild Animals and Wild Plants (reference 20091001). The field protocol had no adverse effects on reproduction of the birds.