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Authors
Oriowo, Temitope Opeyemi
Smith, Sophie Helen https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9530-3896
Thorman, Jana
Sternberg, Nils https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0812-0029
Böhne, Astrid https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1284-3115
Stange, Madlen https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4559-2535
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Leibniz-Gemeinschaft (SAW-J96/2020)
Leibniz-Gemeinschaft (SAW-J96/2020)
Leibniz-Gemeinschaft (SAW-J96/2020)
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (497674620)
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (492407022)
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Article History
Received: 14 September 2025
Revised: 3 February 2026
Accepted: 4 February 2026
First Online: 24 February 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Specimens were collected in accordance with the relevant federal (LFischVO NRW, BayFiG, AVBayFiG, LFischVO BW) and regional (BezFiVO Schwaben) fisheries regulations as well as federal state and country laws on environmental protection (BNatSchG, LNG NRW). This study did not include experiments on living organisms; therefore, no further permissions from federal animal welfare agencies or ethics commissions were required. Samples in France were collected following the Nagoya protocol (French certificate of compliance TREL2302365S/689).
