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Article History

Received: 17 February 2019

Revised: 25 April 2019

Accepted: 18 May 2019

First Online: 18 June 2019

Compliance with ethical standards

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: All co-authors of this manuscript have read and approved the submission of the manuscript. All of the authors have made important contributions to the study and are thoroughly familiar with the original data. All authors have completed and submitted the ICMJE Form for Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest: Dr. Kitakaze reports grants and personal fees from Takeda during the study, grants from the Japanese government, grants from the Japan Heart Foundation, grants from the Japan Cardiovascular Research Foundation, grants and personal fees from Asteras, grants and personal fees from Sanofi, personal fees from Daiichi-sankyo, grants and personal fees from Pfizer, grants and personal fees from Ono, personal fees from Bayer, grants and personal fees from Novartis, personal fees from Bheringer, grants and personal fees from Tanabe-mitubishi, personal fees from Kowa, grants and personal fees from Kyowa-hakko-kirin, personal fees from Dainihon-sumitomo, personal fees from Sawai, personal fees from MSD, grants and personal fees from Abott, grants and personal fees from Otsuka, grants from Calpis, grants from Nihon Kohden, personal fees from Shionogi, personal fees from Astrazeneca, personal fees from Asahikasei Med., personal fees from Novo Nordisk, personal fees from Fuji-film RI, and personal fees from Japan Medical Data, none of which pertained to the submitted work.