Feng, Xingliang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0003-0301
Ji, Nuo
Zhang, Bo https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7452-5510
Xia, Wei
Chen, Yiming https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2148-6049
Article History
Received: 22 June 2024
Revised: 4 November 2024
Accepted: 8 November 2024
First Online: 20 November 2024
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The study protocols were reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board of the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) (Protocol #98-12), and all participants provided written informed consent. The NHANES database is publicly accessible; therefore, a second ethical review of this study by our institution was exempt. Additionally, all methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations.
: All authors have given their consent for publication