Deng, Bing https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0530-8410
Wang, Zhe https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8812-3184
Chen, Weiyin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6427-4129
Li, John Tianci
Luong, Duy Xuan
Carter, Robert A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8591-9635
Gao, Guanhui
Yakobson, Boris I. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8369-3567
Zhao, Yufeng https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7644-5407
Tour, James M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8479-9328
Funding for this research was provided by:
United States Department of Defense | United States Air Force | AFMC | Air Force Office of Scientific Research (FA9550-19-1-0296)
Rice University (Electron Microscopy Center)
Article History
Received: 18 May 2021
Accepted: 13 December 2021
First Online: 11 January 2022
Competing interests
: Rice University owns intellectual property on the flash Joule heating strategy to prepare metal carbides. A provisional patent application has been applied for through the Rice University. The authors declare no other competing interests.