Chen, Gong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5102-7487
Ophus, Colin https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2348-8558
Quintana, Alberto https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9813-735X
Kwon, Heeyoung
Won, Changyeon https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5987-7411
Ding, Haifeng https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7524-0779
Wu, Yizheng https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9289-1271
Schmid, Andreas K. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0035-3095
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Science Foundation (DMR-2005108, DMR-2005108)
U.S. Department of Energy (Early Career Research Program)
Semiconductor Research Corporation (SMART (2018-NE-2861), SMART (2018-NE-2861))
National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2019R1A6A3A01091209, NRF-2018R1D1A1B07047114)
National Key R&D Program of China
National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11734006 and No. 11974079)
Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project
DOE | Office of Science (DE-AC02-05CH11231)
Article History
Received: 11 June 2021
Accepted: 17 February 2022
First Online: 15 March 2022
Competing interests
: G.C., A.K.S., and K.L. are co-inventors on a pending patent application on the large Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction and perpendicular magnetic anisotropy induced by chemisorbed species on ferromagnets filed by Georgetown University and the Regents of the University of California that relates to this work (Provisional Patent Application number 62,888,691, filed on 19 August 2019). The remaining authors declare no competing interests.