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Article History

Received: 25 February 2022

Accepted: 14 October 2022

First Online: 22 November 2022

Competing interests

: Ms. O’Hearn reports research funding from the National Institutes of Health and Vail Innovative Global Research. Dr. Erndt-Marino reports income from Bespoke Analytics, LLC, which received research funding from the Florida Department of Citrus, outside the submitted work. Ms. Gerber reports research funding from the National Institute of Food and Agriculture (USDA) and the National Institutes of Health, and additional income from Inova Medical Systems in the Beatty Liver and Obesity Research Program as well as the USDA-Tufts Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, all outside the submitted work. Ms. Lauren has received personal fees from Abt Associates and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, both outside the submitted work. Dr. Economos reports research funding from the United States Department of Agriculture National Institutes of Health, JPB Foundation, and Newman’s Own Foundation. She also reports her position as Vice Chair to National Academies of Science Roundtable on Obesity Solutions (unpaid) and her Advisory Board position at Care/of Scientific. None of the above relate to the manuscript. Dr. Wong reports research funding from the National Institutes of Health and membership in the US Preventive Services Task Force (unpaid) and National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine Committee on Evaluating the Process to Develop the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020-2025 (unpaid), outside the submitted work. Dr. Blumberg reports being on the scientific advisory board for Bragg Live Food Products, LLC, California Prune Board, California Walnut Commission, Cranberry Institute, Good Pharma, LLC, Guiding Stars Licensing Co., Inside Tracker/Segeterra Inc., and January.ai, also all outside the submitted work. Dr. Mozaffarian reports research funding from the National Institutes of Health, Gates Foundation, Rockefeller Foundation, and Vail Innovative Global Research; and scientific advisory board for Beren Therapeutics, Brightseed, Calibrate, DayTwo (ended 6/2021), Elysium Health, Filtricine, Foodome, HumanCo, January Inc., Perfect Day, Season and Tiny Organics, all outside the submitted work.