Angelini, Giulia
Castagneto-Gissey, Lidia http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3800-167X
Salinari, Serenella
Bertuzzi, Alessandro
Anello, Danila
Pradhan, Meenakshi http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4908-8512
Zschätzsch, Marlen
Ritter, Paul
Le Roux, Carel W. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5521-5445
Rubino, Francesco
Basso, Nicola http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7529-630X
Casella, Giovanni http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1535-7198
Bornstein, Stefan R. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5211-2536
Tremaroli, Valentina
Mingrone, Geltrude http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2021-528X
Funding for this research was provided by:
Innovative Medicines Initiative (875534)
EC | Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (MIN-EPO-17-013)
Article History
Received: 28 March 2022
Accepted: 25 November 2022
First Online: 13 December 2022
Competing interests
: G.M. reports consulting fees from Novo Nordisk, Fractyl Inc, Recor Inc. She is also Scientific Advisor of Keyron Ltd, Metadeq Inc, GHP Scientific Ltd, Jemyll Ltd. F.R. reports receiving research grants from Ethicon and Medtronic; receiving consulting fees from Novo Nordisk, Ethicon, and Medtronic; and serving on scientific advisory boards for GI Dynamics and Keyron. C.W.l.R. reports grants from the Irish Research Council, Science Foundation Ireland, Anabio, and the Health Research Board. He serves on advisory boards of Novo Nordisk, Herbalife, GI Dynamics, Eli Lilly, Johnson & Johnson, Sanofi Aventis, AstraZeneca, Janssen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Glia, and Boehringer Ingelheim. C.W.l.R. is a member of the Irish Society for Nutrition and Metabolism outside the area of work commented on here. He is the chief medical officer and director of the Medical Device Division of Keyron since January 2011. Both of these are unremunerated positions. C.W.l.R. was a previous investor in Keyron, which develops endoscopically implantable medical devices intended to mimic the surgical procedures of sleeve gastrectomy and gastric bypass. The product has only been tested in rodents and none of Keyron’s products are currently licensed. They do not have any contracts with other companies to put their products into clinical practice. No patients have been included in any of Keyron’s studies and they are not listed on the stock market. He continues to provide scientific advice to Keyron for no remuneration. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.