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Article History

Received: 28 July 2021

Accepted: 10 January 2023

First Online: 27 February 2023

Competing interests

: The authors declare the following competing interests: J.C. reports employment and stock ownership with AstraZeneca. T.M. reports employment with The Chinese University of Hong Kong; reports stock ownership with Aurora Tele-Oncology Ltd., Hutchison Chi-Med, and Sanomics Ltd.; has undertaken an advisory role for AbbVie Inc., ACEA Pharma, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Berry Oncology, Blueprint Medicines Corporation, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, CStone Pharmaceuticals, Curio Science, Daiichi Sankyo Inc., Eisai, Fishawack Facilitate Ltd., G1 Therapeutics, Inc.,Gritstone Oncology, Inc., Guardant Health, geneDecode Co., Ltd., Hengrui Therapeutics Inc., Hutchison Chi-Med, Ignyta, Inc., Incyte Corporation, Inivata, IQVIA, Janssen, Lily, Loxo-Oncology Inc., Lunit, Inc., Merck Serono, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Mirati Therapeutics, Inc., Novartis, OrigiMed, Pfizer, Puma Biotechnology Inc., Roche/Genentech,Sanofi-Aventis R&D, SFJ Pharmaceutical, Takeda, Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Virtus Medical Group, and Yuhan Corporation; is on the board of directors for AstraZeneca and Hutchison Chi-Med; has received honoraria from Abbvie Inc., ACEA Pharma, Alpha Biopharma Co., Ltd., Amgen, Amoy Diagnostics Co., LTD., AstraZeneca, BeiGene, Berry Oncology, BI, Blueprint Medicines Corporation, BMS, CStone Pharmaceuticals, Curio Science, Daiichi Sankyo, Eisai, Fishawack Facilitate Ltd., Gritstone Oncology, Inc., Guardant Health, Hengrui Therapeutics Inc., Ignyta, Inc., Incyte Corporation, Inivata, IQVIA, Janssen, Lilly, Loxo-Oncology, Lunit, Inc., Merck Serono, MSD, Mirati Therapeutics Inc., MoreHealth, Novartis, OrigiMed, Pfizer, Puma Biotechnology Inc., Qiming Development (HK) Ltd., Roche Pharmaceuticals, Sanofi-Aventis, SFJ Pharmaceutical Ltd., Takeda Pharmaceuticals HK Ltd., Vertex Pharmaceuticals, and Yuhan Corporation; has received consulting fees from AbbVie Inc., ACEA Pharma, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Berry Oncology, Blueprint Medicines Corporation, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, CStone Pharmaceuticals, Curio Science, Daiichi Sankyo Inc., Eisai, Fishawack Facilitate Ltd., G1 Therapeutics, Inc., Gritstone Oncology, Inc., Guardant Health, Hengrui Therapeutics Inc., Hutchison Chi-Med, Ignyta, Inc., Incyte Corporation, Inivata, IQVIA, Janssen, Lily, Loxo-Oncology Inc., Lunit, Inc., Merck Serono, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Mirati Therapeutics, Inc., Novartis, OrigiMed, Pfizer, Puma Biotechnology Inc., Roche/Genentech, Sanofi-Aventis R&D, SFJ Pharmaceutical, Takeda, Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Virtus Medical Group, and Yuhan Corporation; and has received grants or funds from AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, G1 Therapeutics, MSD, Merck Serono, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, SFJ, Takeda, and XCovery. Y.-L.W. reports institutional funding from AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pfizer, and Roche; and has received speaker fees from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, MSD, Pfizer, Sanofi, and Roche. J-Y.H. has undertaken an advisory role for Novartis, MSD Oncology, AstraZeneca, Lilly, and Takeda; has received honoraria from Roche, AstraZeneca, and Takeda; and has received grants or funds from Roche, Pfizer, and ONO. M.-J.A. has undertaken an advisory role for AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, MSD, ONO Pharmaceutical, Roche, Takeda, and Alpha Pharmaceutical; and has received honoraria from AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, MSD, ONO Pharmaceutical, and Roche. S.S.R. has undertaken an advisory role for Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Genentech, Merck, Tesaro, Takeda, GlaxoSmithkline, Daichii Sankyo, and Eisai; has received consulting fees from Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Genentech, Merck, Tesaro, Takeda, Glaxo smithkline, Daichii Sankyo, and Eisai; and has received grants or funds from Amgen, Advaxis, AstraZeneca, BMS, Merck, Tesaro, Takeda, and Genmab. T.J. has undertaken an advisory role for, and received consulting fees from, Roche, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Merck, Ignyta, AstraZenca, Takeda, MSD, Specialized Therapeutics, and Pfizer. I.O. has undertaken an advisory role for AstraZeneca and Chugai Pharma AbbVie; has received honoraria from AstraZeneca, Taiho Pharmaceutical, ONO Pharmaceutical, MSD Oncology, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Chugai Pharma, and Pfizer; and has received grants or funds from Boehringer Ingelheim, AstraZeneca, Taiho Pharmaceutical, ONO Pharmaceutical, MSD Oncology, Astellas Pharma, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Chugai Pharma, and AbbVie. J.C-H.Y. reports employment with the National Taiwan University Cancer Center; has undertaken an advisory role for Bayer, Roche/Genentech, AstraZeneca, MSD, Merck Serono, Pfizer, Novartis, Yuhan Pharmaceuticals, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Daiichi Sankyo, Hansoh Pharmaceuticals, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, Jannsen, Boehringer Ingelheim, GSK, and IPSEN; is on the board of directors for the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer; has received honoraria from Bayer, Roche/Genentech, Chugai, MSD, Pfizer, Novartis, Bristol-Myers Squibb, ONO Pharmaceuticals, and Boehringer Ingelheim; and has received consulting fees from Bayer, Roche/Genentech, Chugai, AstraZeneca, MSD, Merck Serono, Pfizer, Novartis, Yuhan Pharmaceuticals, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Daiichi Sankyo, Hansoh Pharmaceuticals, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, and Boehringer Ingelheim. F.A.S. reports stock ownership with AstraZeneca. K.C.B. reports employment and stock ownership with AstraZeneca. G.L. reports employment and stock ownership with AstraZeneca. B.C. is a contactor for AstraZeneca. J.C.B. reports employment and stock ownership with AstraZeneca. R.J.H. reports employment and stock ownership with AstraZeneca. V.P. has undertaken a scientific advisory role for AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Novartis, Merck, F. Hoffman-La Roche, Nektar Therapeutics, Janssen, AbbVie, Araxes, Arrys Therapeutics, Bolt Therapeutics, Clovis Oncology, Exelixis, G2 Innovation, Gritstone, Ideaya, Leeds Biolabs, Loxo-Oncology, Takeda, Tesaro, and TRM Oncology; has received honoraria from F. Hoffman-La Roche; and has received research funding from AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly, Novartis, Merck, F. Hoffman-La Roche, Nektar Therapeutics, Janssen, Bristol-Myers-Squibb, Checkmate, and Incyte.