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Article History

Received: 14 June 2022

Accepted: 5 April 2023

First Online: 25 April 2023

Competing interests

: E.R.P. is pathology consultant of the Nucleai LTD. C.H. reports research funding to institution from Sanofi, Dragonfly, BTG, Trisalus, Iovance, and Avenge; scientific advisory board member of Briacell with stock options; personal fees from Nanobiotix and speaker fees/honorarium from SWOG and SITC outside the scope of the submitted work. J.V. H. has received research support from AstraZeneca, Bayer, GlaxoSmithKline, and Spectrum; participated in advisory committees for AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Exelixis, Genentech, GlaxoSmithKline, Guardant Health, Hengrui, Lilly, Novartis, Specrtum, EMD Serono, and Synta; and received royalties and/or licensing fees from Spectrum. D.G. has served on scientific advisory committees for AstraZeneca, GlaxoSmithKline, Sanofi, Eli Lilly and Janssen and has received research support from Janssen, Takeda, Ribon Therapeutics, Astellas and AstraZeneca. I.I.W. has provided consulting or advisory roles for AstraZeneca/MedImmune, Asuragen, Bayer, Bristol Myers Squibb, Genentech/Roche, GlaxoSmithKline, Guardant Health, HTG Molecular Diagnostics, Merck, MSD Oncology, OncoCyte, Novartis, Flame Inc, and Pfizer; has received grants and personal fees from Asuragen, Genentech/Roche, Bristol Myers Squibb, AstraZeneca/MedImmune, HTG Molecular, Merck, and Guardant Health; has received personal fees from GlaxoSmithKline and Oncocyte, Daiichi-Sankyo, Roche, AstraZeneca, Pfizer and Bayer; has received research funding to his institution from 4D Molecular Therapeutics, Adaptimmune, Adaptive Biotechnologies, Akoya Biosciences, Amgen, Bayer, EMD Serono, Genentech, Guardant Health, HTG Molecular Diagnostics, Iovance Biotherapeutics, Johnson & Johnson, Karus Therapeutics, MedImmune, Merck, Novartis, OncoPlex Diagnostics, Pfizer, Silicon Biosystems, Takeda, and Novartis. The other authors declare no competing interests.