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Article History

Received: 27 September 2022

Accepted: 17 July 2023

First Online: 28 July 2023

Competing interests

: The following competing interests for J.H.K.: (1) Consultant: Note: The Individual Consultant Agreements listed below are <$10,000 per year: AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals; Biogen, Idec, MA; Biomedisyn Corporation; Bionomics, Limited (Australia); Concert Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; Heptares Therapeutics, Limited (UK); Janssen Research & Development; L.E.K. Consulting; Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc.; Spring Care, Inc.; Sunovion Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; Takeda Industries; Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd; Scientific Advisory Board; Bioasis Technologies, Inc.; Biohaven Pharmaceuticals; Blackthorn Therapeutics, Inc.; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cadent Therapeutics; Lohocla Research Corporation; Pfizer Pharmaceuticals; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research at the Broad Institute; (2) Stock: ArRETT Neuroscience, Inc.; Blackthorn Therapeutics, Inc.; Biohaven Pharmaceuticals Medical Sciences; Spring Care, Inc. Stock Options: Biohaven Pharmaceuticals Medical Sciences; (3) Income Greater than $10,000: Editorial Board Editor—Biological Psychiatry; Patents and Inventions: Seibyl JP, Krystal JH, Charney DS. Dopamine and noradrenergic reuptake inhibitors in the treatment of schizophrenia. US Patent #:5,447,948. 5 September 1995; Vladimir, Coric, Krystal, John H, Sanacora, Gerard—Glutamate Modulating Agents in the Treatment of Mental Disorders US Patent no. 8,778,979 B2 Patent Issue Date: 15 July 2014. US Patent Application No. 15/695,164: Filing Date: 09/05/2017; Charney D, Krystal JH, Manji H, Matthew S, Zarate C. —Intranasal Administration of Ketamine to Treat Depression United States Application No. 14/197,767 filed on 5 March 2014. United States application or Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) International application no. 14/306,382 filed on 17 June 2014; Zarate, C, Charney, DS, Manji, HK, Mathew, Sanjay J, Krystal, JH, Department of Veterans Affairs “Methods for Treating Suicidal Ideation”, Patent Application No. 14/197.767 filed on 5 March 2014 by Yale University Office of Cooperative Research; Arias A, Petrakis I, Krystal JH. —Composition and methods to treat addiction; Provisional Use Patent Application no.61/973/961. April 2, 2014. Filed by Yale University Office of Cooperative Research; Chekroud, A., Gueorguieva, R., & Krystal, JH. “Treatment Selection for Major Depressive Disorder” [filing date 3rd June 2016, USPTO docket number Y0087.70116US00]. Provisional patent submission by Yale University; Yoon G, Petrakis I, Krystal JH. —Compounds, Compositions, and Methods for Treating or Preventing Depression and Other Diseases. U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/444,552, filed on 10 January 2017 by Yale University Office of Cooperative Research OCR 7088 US01; Abdallah, C, Krystal, JH, Duman, R, Sanacora, G. Combination Therapy for Treating or Preventing Depression or Other Mood Diseases. U.S. Provisional Patent Application no. 047162-7177P1 (00754) filed on 20 August 2018 by Yale University Office of Cooperative Research OCR 7451 US01. Dr. Gelernter is named as an inventor on PCT patent application #15/878,640 entitled: “Genotype-guided dosing of opioid agonists,” filed on 24 January 2018 and issued on 26 January 2021 as U.S. Patent No. 10,900,082. J.G. is paid for editorial work for the journal “Complex Psychiatry.” Other co-authors declare no competing interests.