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Article History

Received: 3 March 2023

Accepted: 31 August 2023

First Online: 13 September 2023

Competing interests

: Chinese patent application (no. 2023107001339) was filed by the Southern University of Science and Technology with J. G., H.-G.Q., and Y.-F.D. as inventors. This patent pertains to the synthesis of c-PDDA and the uses of c-PDDA decorated Ag and In nanoparticles for electrocatalytic applications. Y.-Y.B., F.-Z.L., X.Y., H.W., and J.-Z.P. declare no competing interests.