Smith, Anna R. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9552-6176
Rizvi, Fatima http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9157-7635
Everton, Elissa http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3837-4924
Adeagbo, Anisah
Wu, Susan http://orcid.org/0009-0002-9001-0423
Tam, Ying http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4083-5251
Muramatsu, Hiromi http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1544-1493
Pardi, Norbert http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1008-6242
Weissman, Drew
Gouon-Evans, Valerie http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5424-6573
Article History
Received: 7 September 2023
Accepted: 3 June 2024
First Online: 12 June 2024
Competing interests
: Declaration of interests in accordance with the University of Pennsylvania’s policies and procedures and our ethical obligations as researchers, we report that D.W. is named on patents that describe the use of nucleoside-modified mRNA as a platform to deliver therapeutic proteins. D.W. and N.P. are also named on a patent describing the use of modified mRNA in lipid nanoparticles. D.W., N.P., and V.G.-E. are named on a patent describing the use of nucleoside-modified mRNA in lipid nanoparticles to treat liver diseases. D.W. has a provisional international patent application that describes the use of nucleoside-modified mRNA in lipid nanoparticles to treat liver diseases. D.W. is a co-founder and has a financial interest in Pittsburgh ReLiver, Inc. Y.T. is an employee of Acuitas Therapeutics, a company focused on the development of lipid nanoparticulate nucleic acid delivery systems for therapeutic applications. All other authors declare no competing interests.