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Article History

Received: 29 November 2023

Accepted: 4 June 2024

First Online: 15 June 2024

Competing interests

: L.E.C. has received research support from GE Healthcare (paid to institution). F.B. acts as a consultant for Biogen-Idec, IXICO, Merck-Serono, Novartis, Combinostics, and Roche. He has received grants, or grants are pending, from the Amyloid Imaging to Prevent Alzheimer’s Disease (AMYPAD) initiative, the Biomedical Research Centre at University College London Hospitals, the Dutch MS Society, ECTRIMS–MAGNIMS, EU-H2020, the Dutch Research Council (NWO), the UK MS Society, and the National Institute for Health Research, University College London. He has received payments for the development of educational presentations from Ixico and his institution from Biogen-Idec and Merck. He is on the editorial board of Radiology, European Neuroradiology, Multiple Sclerosis Journal, and Neurology. Is on the board of directors of Queen Square Analytics. R.O. has received research support from Avid Radiopharmaceuticals, has given lectures in symposia sponsored by GE Healthcare and is an editorial board member of Alzheimer’s Research & Therapy and the European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging. O.H. has acquired research support (for the institution) from ADx, AVID Radiopharmaceuticals, Biogen, Eli Lilly, Eisai, Fujirebio, GE Healthcare, Pfizer, and Roche. In the past 2 years, he has received consultancy/speaker fees from AC Immune, Amylyx, Alzpath, BioArctic, Biogen, Cerveau, Eisai, Eli Lilly, Fujirebio, Merck, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Roche, Sanofi and Siemens. T.G.B. is a consultant for Aprinoia Therapeutics, Biogen and Avid Radiopharmaceuticals. A.A. has received, over the last 10 years, honoraria or support for consulting; participating in independent data safety monitoring boards; providing educational lectures, programs, and materials; or serving on advisory or oversight boards for AbbVie, Acadia, Allergan, the Alzheimer’s Association, Alzheimer’s Disease International, Axovant, AZ Therapies, Biogen, Eisai, Grifols, Harvard Medical School Graduate Continuing Education, JOMDD, Lundbeck, Merck, Prothena, Roche/Genentech, Novo Nordisk, Qynapse, Sunovion, Suven, and Synexus. Dr. Atri receives book royalties from Oxford University Press for a medical book on dementia. Dr. Atri receives institutional research grant/contract funding from NIA/NIH 1P30AG072980, NIA/NIH U22AG057437, AZ DHS CTR040636, Washington University St Louis, and Gates Ventures. Dr. Atri’s institution receives/received funding for clinical trial grants, contracts, and projects from government, consortia, foundations and companies for which he serves/served as contracted site-PI. S.H.M. serves as a site co-investigator and receives funding for the PPMI study from the Michael J Fox Foundation. S.H.M. has received research funding from the Arizona Biomedical Research Consortium (ABRC) and International Essential Tremor Foundation (IETF). S.H.M. also has received funding for clinical trial grants, contracts, and projects from government and companies for which S.H.M. serves or has served as contracted site-PI. P.C. has received research support from Lewy Body Dementia association and Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium (both paid to institution). The remaining authors declare no competing interests.