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Article History

Received: 24 July 2023

Accepted: 23 July 2024

First Online: 6 August 2024

Competing interests

: M.N., D.M., D.C.B., S.C., J.P., V.A., R.B.S., and V.E.V. are inventors on patent applications submitted by Johns Hopkins University related to cell-free DNA for cancer detection, including PCT/US24/34360. S.C., J.P., V.A., and R.B.S. are founders of Delfi Diagnostics, and V.A. and R.B.S. are consultants for this organization. V.E.V. is a founder of Delfi Diagnostics, serves on its Board of Directors, and owns Delfi Diagnostics stock, which is subject to certain restrictions under university policy. Additionally, Johns Hopkins University owns equity in Delfi Diagnostics. V.E.V. divested his equity in Personal Genome Diagnostics (PGDx) to LabCorp in February 2022. V.E.V. is an inventor on patent applications submitted by Johns Hopkins University related to cancer genomic analyses and cell-free DNA for cancer detection that have been licensed to one or more entities, including Delfi Diagnostics, LabCorp, Qiagen, Sysmex, Agios, Genzyme, Esoterix, Ventana and ManaT Bio. Under the terms of these license agreements, the University and inventors are entitled to fees and royalty distributions. V.E.V. is an advisor to Viron Therapeutics and Epitope. These arrangements have been reviewed and approved by the Johns Hopkins University in accordance with its conflict-of-interest policies. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.